Prison Island, Zanzibar

Just a short boat ride from the historic heart of Stone Town lies Prison Island, a peaceful slice of paradise with a past as captivating as its turquoise waters. Officially known as Changuu Island, this small islet off the coast of Zanzibar is one of the archipelago’s most popular day-trip destinations — blending history, wildlife, and pristine natural beauty into one unforgettable experience.

Where Is Prison Island?

Prison Island is located about 5.6 kilometers (3.5 miles) northwest of Stone Town, the UNESCO-listed cultural capital of Zanzibar. The boat trip takes roughly 20–30 minutes and offers scenic views of the Indian Ocean and the shoreline of Unguja, Zanzibar’s main island.

A Glimpse into History

Despite its ominous name, Prison Island never quite fulfilled its intended purpose as a detention facility. Here's a look at its historical timeline:

19th Century: The Slave Trade Era

Originally owned by Arab merchants, the island was used as a holding area for enslaved people before they were transported overseas. During this dark chapter, Changuu served as a temporary prison for those who resisted slavery or were being punished before being sold at the infamous slave markets in Stone Town.

British Colonial Period: From Prison to Quarantine

In 1893, the British colonial government built a prison complex, intending to use it for hardened criminals from Zanzibar. However, the building never housed prisoners. Instead, it was later converted into a quarantine station for yellow fever outbreaks, especially for ships arriving from the mainland.

Today: A Tourist Retreat with Historical Echoes

The old prison ruins still stand, now partially restored, and visitors can walk through the cells, courtyard, and administration buildings — offering a haunting reminder of what might have been. The colonial architecture, mixed with tropical surroundings, creates a unique and somewhat surreal ambiance.

The Star Attraction: Giant Aldabra Tortoises

One of Prison Island’s biggest draws is its sanctuary for Aldabra giant tortoises, originally gifted from the Seychelles in the early 20th century. These massive creatures can live over 150 years and weigh more than 200 kilograms.

The tortoise sanctuary is home to dozens of individuals, many of which are over 100 years old. Visitors are welcome to observe, photograph, and even gently feed these gentle giants under the supervision of caretakers. Conservation efforts are ongoing, as the tortoises are a protected species.

Nature & Activities

Snorkeling and Marine Life

The crystal-clear waters surrounding Prison Island are ideal for snorkeling, with shallow coral reefs teeming with colorful tropical fish, sea urchins, and sometimes dolphins. Many tours provide snorkeling gear, and it’s a must-do for nature lovers.

Relaxing on the Beach

The island has powdery white sand beaches perfect for swimming, sunbathing, or just relaxing under palm trees with views of Stone Town in the distance.

Island Walks

Although small (only about 800 meters long and 230 meters wide), Prison Island offers pleasant walking trails through shady forests, past baobab trees, and along the rocky shoreline.

How to Get There

Prison Island is easily accessible via local boats from Forodhani Gardens or other parts of Stone Town. Tours can be booked through hotels, tour operators, or directly at the waterfront. Most packages include:

Travel Tips

• Bring reef-safe sunscreen, a hat, and swimwear.

• Wear comfortable sandals or water shoes for walking and beach access.

• Be respectful of the tortoises — do not sit on them or disturb them.

• Go early in the morning to avoid crowds and enjoy the cooler weather.

Conclusion

Prison Island is far more than a beach getaway — it’s a place where natural beauty meets poignant history. Whether you're exploring the old quarantine buildings, snorkeling in clear blue waters, or sharing a moment with a century-old tortoise, the island offers a blend of education, conservation, and relaxation.

A visit to Prison Island is a must for anyone traveling to Zanzibar — a serene escape just minutes from the bustling culture of Stone Town, yet a world away in experience.